Fourth Amendment Privacy Of Our Society - 1944 Words

Fourth Amendment: Privacy in Our Society What if we were to wake up tomorrow to a world with out privacy? A world where our government and even powerful people in large companies could watch the moves of every single person in the country, with of course the awareness and consent through clicking the good old â€Å"I read the terms and services† button, would the Fourth Amendment still apply? The rights according to the fourth amendment are â€Å" To be secure in their persons, houses, papers, effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized† so,†¦show more content†¦In the case Katz V. the United States in 1967, Katz was convicted under an indictment charging him under 18 U.S code 1084, which is conducting illegal gambling operations across state lines in violation of federal law (US Couts). At h is trial, Katz sought out to exclude any evidence found against him, connected to the wire taps the police officer had placed on the phone booth he used to make the calls. Katz argued that the warrant-less wiretapping of a public phone booth was an unreasonable search of a â€Å"constitutionally protected area† in violation of the Fourth Amendment. The federal agents countered by saying that a public phone booth was not â€Å"constitutionally protected area† therefore they were able to place the wiretap with no issue (US Courts). The court ruled that it was the duty of the officer to get a warrant in any instance in which a persons may be engaging in conduct that they wish to keep secret from the public, even if done in a public place. The court also held that the absence of the search warrant, constituted the wiretaps to be unconstitutional in this case (US Courts). The courts have used the case of Katz V. the United Sates to influence their judgments on many other privacy cases. But it seems that we have moved away from this and are leading into a little bit more of an unorganized method. In the case Riley V. California 2014, Riley was stoppedShow MoreRelatedThe Right Of Privacy Assignment1224 Words   |  5 PagesRight of Privacy Assignment Brian Taylor – GEICO BUS 220 Dictionary.com provides a definition of individual privacy which reads; â€Å"Freedom from damaging publicity, public scrutiny, secret surveillance, or unauthorized disclosure of one s personal data or information, as by a government, corporation, or individual†. On a basic level, the right of individual privacy simply means that one has the right to be left alone. This is a right many in our society claim to hold as inalienable, yet in our rapidlyRead MoreDid The Fbi Break The Fourth Amendment?1530 Words   |  7 PagesDid the FBI break the Fourth Amendment? In December of 2015, 14 people were killed and more than 20 people were injured in one of California’s most deadly shootings in recent history. A couple, Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, opened fire in a conference center in San Bernardino. The two were later killed in a shootout with the police. Their case didn’t end there. The FBI searched their house, in which they found much evidence to back that this was a terrorist plot. But a crucial piece ofRead MoreSyed Rizwan Farook s Iphone 5c1523 Words   |  7 PagesFarook’s iPhone 5C. In today’s society, phones contain more information about ourselves than even we can remember. Emails, messages, notes, bank details and much more can be found on our phone. So when the FBI was able to get hold of Farook’s phone, they were more than content. But there was one more hurdle in front of them: encryption. Since we have so much information on our devices today, we have to have some form of protection a gainst people who want to steal our personal information, scammersRead MoreThe Case Of Olmstead V. United States1128 Words   |  5 Pagespursuit of an individual on his/her premises and/or vehicles for seizure to obtain evidence by a lawful agency without a court order and without probable cause it is believed evidence of a criminal activity will be found. The fourth amendment of the U.S. Constitution shields our Citizens from preposterous inquiry and seizure. The case of Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928), various individuals were convicted of alcohol related law violations, and were accused of conspiracy. The operationRead MoreThe First Amendment And Technology1681 Words   |  7 Pages 4th Amendment and Technology Zach Caulum CRMJ 240 Professor Bushong 9/26/2015 â€Æ' Introduction In the twenty-first century there have been many advances in technology which grant us view of more places than we used to be able to see. But with that where do the boundaries lie when using said technology. The history of the Fourth amendment helps to shape how we think about certain issues today, because some of the earlier cases serve as a precedent for the modern fourth amendment cases. ThereRead MoreDigital Data And The Internet1611 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s society, people tend to operate the majority of their everyday tasks through the internet. It is really simple, comfortable, and it saves a lot of time. In one hour individual can perform a deposit into his particular bank account, request a pharmaceutical prescription, apply for a mortgage, pay bills, do online shopping and more. All it requires a customer to be able to do this is having an account with any of these company’s websites. Creating an account is normally a very manageableRead MoreReport On The Backyard Of Damien Echols Backyard1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe bottom-line, up-front is that evidence found in the backyard of Damien Echols’ backyard; specifically , the wooden box found near the shed, should be suppressed because of the negligence of law enforcement officials in respecting the Fourth Amendment rights of Mr. Damien Echols. 2. This suppression of evidence is a result of the negligent police actions that took place one week from 08 June 1993 near and on the residence of Mr. Damien Echols. The events began with anonymous tip to the ArkansasRead MoreNSA Spying on USA Citizens Essay626 Words   |  3 PagesPrivacy is what allows people to feel secure in their surroundings. With privacy, one is allowed to withhold or distribute the information they want by choice, but the ability to have that choice is being violated in today’s society. Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"He who sacrifices freedom or liberty will eventually have neither.† And that’s the unfortunate truth that is and has occurred in recent years. Privacy, especially in such a fast paced moving world, is extremely vital yet is extremely violatedRead MoreThe Court Of Appeals Of Maryland1293 Words   |  6 Pagesbased on Fourth Amendment grounds contending that the collection and analysis of his DNA from the chair constitu ted an unlawful search as it violated his expectation of privacy (Sternstein, 2014). According to Raynor v. State 2014 to ascertain whether this conduct is a search under the Fourth Amendment two conditions must be satisfied: 1) a defendant must demonstrate an actual subjective expectation of privacy in the item or place searched and 2) Prove that the expectation is one that society is preparedRead MoreThe Case Of Maryland V King1670 Words   |  7 PagesAs technology advances, the world is forced to adapt as an increasingly quick pace. Specifically, our justice system must consider the constitutionality of surveillance and other information gathering techniques and how they coincide with current interpretations of the Fourth Amendment which protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court addressed this issue in the 2013 case of Maryland v King explicitly related to the legality of DNA collection of individuals early

Nursing Ethics, Law and Professional Code of Practice

CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT S I N G A P O R E N U R S I N G B O AR D CONTENTS PAGE I II A Preamble Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Nurses/Midwives and their clients Value Statement 1: Value Statement 2: Value Statement 3: Value Statement 4: Respect clients’ individual values and needs Respect and promote clients’ autonomy Respect clients’ right to confidentiality Respect and preserve clients’ privacy and dignity B Nurses/Midwives and their practice Provide care in a responsible and accountable manner Value Statement 6: Value Statement 7: Value Statement 8: Maintain competency in the care of clients Advocate in the best interest of clients Maintain a high ethical standard in the conduct of research C Nurses/Midwives†¦show more content†¦actively involve their clients in the planning and delivery of care. provide care regardless of clients’ gender, ethnicity, religion, age, health and socio-economic status. Value Statement 2 : Respect and promote clients’ autonomy. Nurses/midwives shall respect the clients’ right for self-determination and provide them with whatever information they require to make informed decisions concerning their own care. 4 Ethical practice points Nurses/midwives shall 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 inform clients about the nursing care options that are available. assist clients in obtaining the necessary information from appropriate sources, when what is required is beyond the nurse/midwife’s scope. respect the informed decision of competent clients to accept or refuse care. obtain consent for nursing interventions where necessary and collaborate with other members of the health care team to obtain consent for medical treatment. 2.5 When clients are incapable of making informed choices, consent should be sought from family members or significant others. provide appropriate care until alternative arrangements are made, if the nurse/midwife is unable to comply with the client’s requests because they run contrary to the law or the nurse’s moral beliefs. Value Statement 3 : Respect clients’ right to confidentiality. Nurses/midwives shall maintain the confidentiality of all informationShow MoreRelatedEthics And Code Of Professional Conduct1598 Words   |  7 Pagessome of the legislations and Tort laws that are directly associated with the nursing profession and also the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia’s (NMBA) Code of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct. Failure to provide care within these parameters could lead to serious consequences for the patient and nurse themselves. Enrolled Nurses must work within certain legal and ethical parameters to ensure appropriate care is provided to patients and also so the nursing profession itself is upheld inRead MoreThe American Nurses Association1130 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide care to many individuals whom have their own unique set of ethics, values, morals, and beliefs by which may be very different from our own. Because of our professional role, we must use lifelong learning as a tool to broaden our views, increase our knowledge, and understand the influences which affect it. To make this possible, we have to continually educate ourselves about the nursing laws, professional standards, and code of ethics all of which we are committed to. American Nurses AssociationRead MoreApplying the D.E.C.I.D.E Model of Decision Making1339 Words   |  6 Pagesfiancà © and also registered nurse (RN) Jane and the Director of Nursing (DON) Ms Day. Specific areas for discussion include the five moral frameworks, autonomy, beneficence, Non – maleficence, justice and veracity in relation with each person involved as supported by Arnold and Boggs (2013) and McPherson (2011). An identification and review of the breached code of ethics and the breached code of conduct in reference with the Nursing, Council, and Federation (2008) will be addressed. Lastly a briefRead MoreCode Of Ethics And National And International Charters1023 Words   |  5 Pages3. Body paragraph – code of ethics and national and international charters. In addition to the analysis for the case study, there are code of the ethics and laws in place that health professionals such as nurses must apply, when considering what should be done for the patient at the end-of-life. According to Kerridge et al., (2013) the law and ethics are different yet interrelated, the law are compulsory regulations that health practitioners must adhere to. The code of ethics in Australia, is aRead MorePolitical Awareness Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesand outcomes for all. Nurse leaders must stay informed and become involved as an advocate influencing changes in policy, laws, and/or regulations that govern the health care system they practice in. At times the advocacy requires a nurse leader to become more involved beyond their immediate level of practice and into the world of politics and policy. The health care practice arena is impacted by decisions made by our legislative bodies at the federal and state levels. The changes in health careRead MoreThe Importance Of Acting Ethically When Working As A Nurse1318 Words   |  6 Pagesimportance of acting ethically when working as a nurse. Introduction: Ethics is an essential aspect of health care practice and those working in the nursing profession are often subject to frequent ethical dilemmas. It is essential for all nurses to be aware of the importance of ethics in health care and to practice within the ethico-legal parameters that govern the profession. However, while this is relatively easy in theory, ethics is not a black and white subject and often one’s culture, upbringingRead MoreCode of Ethics for Nurses Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages Wendell A. Garcia University of Phoenix March 18, 2008 American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics for Nurses Ethics is an integral part of the foundation of nursing. Nursing has a distinguished history of concern for the welfare of the sick, injured, and vulnerable and for social justice. This concern is embodied in the provision of nursing care to individuals and the community. Nursing encompasses the prevention of illness, the alleviation of suffering, and the protection, promotionRead MoreLegal and Ethical Issues Faced by Nurses792 Words   |  3 PagesPage 1: What primary relationships do you see between legal and ethical issues faced by nurses in their practice? How would you explain these relationships to others? As well as medical caregivers, nurses must confront some of the most serious human dilemmas all individuals muse over, such as death and dying. Nurses often deal with extreme ethical conundrums on a daily basis. These concerns include end-of-life issues, caring for an elderly or disabled relative, the proper way to raise a childRead MoreForensic Nursing Codes Of Ethics1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe profession of nursing has many vast specialties. Although every specialty, including forensic nursing, has its unique population and scope of practice, every field of nursing can and should utilize the Codes of Ethics from the American Nurses Association. The 2015 Code â€Å"addresses individual as well as collective nursing intentions and actions; it requires each nurse to demonstrate ethical competence in professional life† (ANA, 2015, p. 7). This code can be broken down into nine provisions whichRead MoreANA Code of Ethics1214 Words   |  5 PagesANA Code of Ethics Introduction In the field of nursing, the ANA Code of Ethics is designed to provide specific bylaws that will influence the practices of health care professionals inside the industry. However, there are different advocacy campaigns that will have an impact on how it is interpreted and applied. In the case of advocacy for population health, these issues mean that there could be moral dilemmas faced in the process (most notably: lifestyle choices and their impact on the individual)

Marries Is Better Than Being Single Free Essays

ed is MARRIED IS BETTER THAN BEING SINGLE There are lots of discussion and arguments about to being single or getting married nowadays. The new generation might not willing to bound into marriage life and they wish to remain in single life so they can have more privacy, freedom and the commitment of   responsibilities. However, marriage is union ordained by God and it is also a wonderful union of two people in love. We will write a custom essay sample on Marries Is Better Than Being Single or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is unique, opposite-sex union with legal, social, economic and spiritual dimensions. Getting married does bring a lot of advantages to a person either family. The biggest advantage for getting married is emotional stability. Married people treat their own family as shelter and they can feel secure and relax when staying together with their family. Family provides a peace and comfort zone for those married people to restore their energy. Marriage can helps the couple to become more tolerant, unselfish, caring and more responsible. Its provide a chances for the husband and wife to grow with and sharing their life’s challenges, rewards and sorrows with a person who actually knows and understand what you going through and feels the same frequency. There are a lots of difficulties have to learn by marriage people as that is not easiest to living with someone for the rest of their life. They have to overcome all the problems facing by them and to learn how to take care of others feeling, patience, emotion control, temper, time management and attitude towards their family. In a marriage life, there are always someone’s to hear your companions. It is good to have someone there to have a share, to bounce ideas or to have a witty exchange of remarks. Companionship among the married peoples also offers support and can be particularly important at times of trouble or stress. At such times, married people have distinct advantages over being single. The other advantage for marriage is that allows couples to pool their both incomes to share the cost of living and debts, save more money for retirement and doing investment. The married people can also sharing a house, car and food so they can enjoy save cost for basic living conditions compare with a single person. Therefore, people who are married become less poverty but more wealth and their money goes further. It is because, they tend to specialize, exchange, and share roles and functions in ways to generate higher earnings, encourage savings, helping each other’s to restrain from impulse spending, and generally leave the family financially better off. Marriage can also leads to better health and greater longevity for people. There are more likely to enjoy better physical health. The spouses are intimately aware of and impacted by their spouse’s choices. In a sense, couples have a significant vested interest in watching out for one another and encouraging healthy choices and behaviour. For example, the wife might not allow her husband drinking, smoking or other unnecessary risk-taking and also control his weights. Compared to single, divorced or widowed people, the married people experience less depression, anxiety, and other types of psychological distress. Besides, the married people will have active, satisfying and safety sex lives compared with single people. The married people tend to have more sex because it costs them less in time, money and psychic energy. They have find it more satisfying because their sex partner is more available, less distracted, more eager and more secure and able to please. The higher levels of satisfaction for married couples is related to the fact that marriage adds meaning to the sexual act because it symbolizes a union that is based on sexual fidelity, stronger commitment and emotional intimacy. It had increased their commitment and their sense of responsibility, and had generally strengthened their relationships. In addition, the married life can brings greater safety towards the married people and expand their social network. It’s because, the married people have companion to visit places together, visit friends or holiday together. For the single person, that is far more difficult as often modern social life is geared around ‘couples’ and the single person can often feel left out or sometimes, simply not invited. At times, perhaps, having children might seem to impede their social life but it just brings a change in your social life and much of that social life involves being with your children. Lastly, married people will create a family with a new and challenging life instead of boring life compared with single people. Families are created and held together by the lifelong commitment of a man and a woman who live cooperatively and raise and nurture the children born to them. Families are the building block essential to the formation of a community, and strong social structure arises from the foundation many families provide. A thriving society and culture depend on stable marriages. For example, as marriage declines in a culture,  the state must spend more money and care for children who less of the financial stability with divorce family background. Strong marriages statuses are at the heart of thriving family and community. In conclusion, getting married is better than being single as there married leads to emotional stability, financial stability, train the couples become more independent and responsible, better health and greater longevity, have wonderful sexual life, easy to expand social networks and have a new challenging life instead of boring life compared to single people. Getting married is not an easy but it does bring a lot of meaningful to individuals, family and the community. How to cite Marries Is Better Than Being Single, Essay examples

Business Ethics Embedded Versus Peripheral Corporate

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics for Embedded Versus Peripheral Corporate. Answer: Introduction The study describes the importance of corporate social responsibility in todays businesses. It is an annotated bibliography of the above-mentioned topic. It will describe the views of authors of ten journals that are relevant to the topic. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is important in modern businesses as it includes many aspects of business operations including sustainability. However, CSR is important in terms of highly competitive social market economy. CSR underpins various objectives of the inclusive growth and sustainable strategies of the companies that are considered as long-term consumer, citizen and employee trust. The main aim is to mitigate various social effects regarding the crisis. Study of previous researches Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), pp.95-119. In this journal article, authors have described about the innovation of business model for the development of corporate social responsibility. Companies all over the world are investing lump sum on forming business model that maintains sustainability in almost all its business operations. It can be said that strategies of corporate sustainability are crucial in the perspective of sustainable development of the company in the field of economic, political, legal and social requirements under different conditions of high competition in the market. The formulation of corporate sustainability challenges is responsible for recognition of environmental and social responsibility. It is the main target of the business in spreading the importance of corporate social responsibility of the business. Authors have stated that business ethics is strictly followed while giving priority in the enlightened self-interest. Business leaders focus on the improved reputation of the company as well as econo mic success in terms of voluntary economic and social activities. There are certain objectives of sustainable strategies of corporate social responsibilities such as creating a positive business effect while maintaining certain business management strategies. Strategic management department of companies are responsible for maintaining a cause and effect relationship by the strategies in the community through social and environmental activity. Boulouta, I. and Pitelis, C.N., 2014. Who needs CSR? The impact of corporate social responsibility on national competitiveness.Journal of Business Ethics,119(3), pp.349-364. In the journal article, authors have described the impact of corporate social responsibility in the national competitiveness in the market. In business level, there is a link between national competitiveness and corporate social responsibilities. It can be said that the concepts of both corporate social responsibilities and competitiveness are controversial and elusive in nature at macro level. Technically corporate social responsibilities are defined as the activities of corporations that are responsible for creating a positive impact on the national competitiveness of the companies. Other views of authors regarding definition of corporate social responsibilities emphasize on the benefits that are both availed by both business entity and community as a whole. The aim of corporate social responsibility is creating higher standards of the people of the society in order to preserve profitability of the company for both people from within or outside the corporation. However, it can be s aid that the concept of competitiveness is depended on the performance of the company in the market at national level. The policies, and the set of institutions that are responsible for determining the level of productivity of the country as well as the company. The economic condition of the country is also a determinant factor of the national competitiveness of the company in a particular country. He, Y. and Lai, K.K., 2014. The effect of corporate social responsibility on brand loyalty: the mediating role of brand image.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(3-4), pp.249-263. The authors in this article have pointed out corporate social responsibility as a useful tool for strategic marketing that has significant influence on the behavior of the consumers. There are different dimensions of corporate social responsibility in the perspectives of brand loyalty in terms of brand loyalty in the business corporations. Corporate social responsibilities are depended on the different dimensions such as legal responsibilities and ethical responsibilities. The findings of the authors in the journals have pointed out that the target consumers of the companies are perceiving the ethical and legal responsibilities of the brands which is responsible for increase in the image of the brand while enhancing positive symbolic and functional images of the brand in the market. On the contrary, it can be said that the consumers due to the corporate legal behavior of the company perceive the functional image of the brand. However, consumers perceived the symbolic image of the bra nd as a result of the ethical behavior of the brand in the market. Each firm has a specific business objective that is focused on both the objectives in order to attract the attention of the customers by reinforcing the message of the brand to the minds of the people in the target market. Lee, E.M., Park, S.Y., Rapert, M.I. and Newman, C.L., 2012. Does perceived consumer fit matter in corporate social responsibility issues?.Journal of Business Research,65(11), pp.1558-1564. There are many issues that companies face while practicing different policies and strategies of corporate social responsibilities. However, apart from theoretical explanations of the corporate social responsibilities, the practical implications are more important. The practical implications include the perception of customers towards the CSR activities of the companies in the society. Perception of consumers in the CSR activities is related with many other aspects such as perceived fit between lifestyles of consumers and CSR activities of the companies, between CSR activities and values of consumers, company consumer identification and consumer loyalty. These four activities are related to each other. The agendas of the sustainable strategies of corporate social responsibilities are based on these four aspects. Authors have stated that the agendas formulated in a way so that they can satisfy the needs and demands of the customers and community as a whole. CSR activities of companies include education, social welfare, global CSR and volunteering. The strategic management departments of the company are focusing on the strategic fit that is proven to be highly effective in terms of dedication of various targeted marketing activities of the company. The strategic fit or the corporate fit lies in between the corporate values and company values that suggests the perceived fit of the consumers and other related aspects. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. and Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.341-350. Authors in the journal article have stated the fact that corporate social responsibility is not only responsible for increase of brand reputation but also it has a positive impact on many other activities. The aspects that are enhanced by corporate social responsibility are reputation, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage, financial performance, etc. Scholars have researched on the fact that corporate social responsibility activities have a direct influence on the performance of the corporate firms in terms of financial performances. On the last decades, it is seen that the companies that are actively participating in the CSR activities are earning huge customer attention that results in improved financial perspectives. Many firms are researched and their valuable feedbacks are collected. The business owners have accepted the fact they are gaining higher profits after starting performing CSR activities for the benefit of the societies. However, there are many other factors su ch as expectations of the stakeholders of the firms and the government that are most important factor while determining the sustainable strategies for corporate social responsibilities. Besides this, some other factors are also crucial in the perspective of corporate social responsibilities such as ethical and legal dimensions. Ethical consideration is related to the building of symbolic image of the brand rather than functional image of the brand. Bolton, L.E. and Mattila, A.S., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility affect consumer response to service failure in buyerseller relationships?.Journal of Retailing,91(1), pp.140-153. Consumer response is a vital aspect that is essential for determining the buyer seller relationship in a company. The context of buyer seller relationship is important as it determines the strategy of the corporate social responsibilities of the companies in drawing the loyalty and trust of the consumers towards the brand. There are many citations that are mentioned in the article regarding the CSR activities of various companies such as McDonalds support to the Ronald McDonald House Charities, Publix Supermarkets charitable donations towards the United Way and sustainability and carbon footprint reduction of Marriott UK. Marketers in modern business competitive business world are competing with each other in terms of maintaining a reputation in the market among the other companies of the same sectors. There are various underlying assumptions that are helped in enhancing the effectiveness of the CSR activities in the context of buyer seller relationships. Various types of companies f ollow different kinds of CSR activities. They are: usage of green materials, recycling programs and diversity initiatives, charitable donations, etc. There are various philanthropic activities that considers sustainability and charitable donations, donations based promotions, etc. The corporate firms of US usually follow these strategies in order to improve the buyer seller relationships while increasing the profitability. Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-Economic Review,10(1), pp.3-28. In the business literature, there is a socio-economic perspective that controls the corporate social responsibility in a different perspective. The roles of institutions are neglected in larger perspective. However, the institutional theory of the corporate social responsibilities is helped in understanding of the role of corporate governance and public governing bodies. The corporate governance helps in determining the nature of the voluntary behavior of the companies in understanding the political and historical determinants that corporations usually take as a liberal action in the formulation of corporate social responsibilities. However, corporate social responsibilities are linked with the transitional level that implies in maintaining a paradox between the formal institutions of stakeholders and intervention of states in any other forms. The tension between the stakeholders and the strategic management department of the company are highly contested. It is responsible for creati ng an effect on the voluntary engagement of the stakeholders and other governing bodies to the formulation of sustainable strategies of corporate social responsibilities. Improving the effectiveness of CSR in the wider institutional perspectives helps in improving the strategies in the perspective of economic governance. It is seen that, the policies of corporate social responsibilities are tightly linked with different types of formal institutions like the participation of stakeholders and shareholders. Devinney, T.M., Schwalbach, J. and Williams, C.A., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance: Comparative perspectives.Corporate Governance: An International Review,21(5), pp.413-419. The journal article describes about the importance of corporate governance in the implication of corporate social responsibility activities. The systems of corporate governance at macro level have a clear implication for improvement of the firms relationship with the various societal institutions n the form of social obligations. Companies all over the world have a different conceptualization of the term social responsibility. Companies of eastern zone are dedicated to different set of activities. On the other hand, companies of western zone are used to practice different sets of activities in the perspective of modern orientation. The article describes about various constraints and legal obligations of the government of different countries. There is an aspect that illustrates that companies are not only involved in various types of CSR activities for increasing brand reputation but also they are abiding by the laws of government. However, CSR in many company acts as a mechanism of g overnment that can be considered as an instance of transnational regimes of new governance. It operates in a context that the shareholders and stakeholders have role in the business regulation. CSR activities usually focus on the maximization of value and societal benefit by maintaining and following the rules and legal obligations of the government of the operating country. Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2013. Embedded versus peripheral corporate social responsibility: Psychological foundations.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,6(4), pp.314-332. The two aspects of corporate social responsibilities activities such as embedded CSR and peripheral CSR. The two aspects depend on the psychological foundations that originate from the perspective of industrial and organizational psychological fields such as human resource management and organizational behavior. It will allow the organizations in gaining a better understanding of the different factors that leads to strategy of the firm along with business operations and routines. Embedded corporate social responsibilities activities include the core competencies of the company that integrates into the firms strategies into CSR activities. On the contrary, peripheral aspect of CSR focus on the activities that which are not integrated and related to the strategy, operations and routines of the organization. Various companies are successful using these perspectives of CSR in the field of implementation of CSR activities for the benefit of the companies. Examples of successful global com panies in terms of CSR activities such as Intel, GE, IBM, etc. are famous for interpretation of CSR strategies in the perspectives of corporate governance, marketing, economics and legal studies. However, CSR is an issue that is popular among various levels of businesses being it a multinational company or a small medium enterprise. CSR initiatives are very popular among companies across the world irrespective of sectors. Vallaster, C., Lindgreen, A. and Maon, F., 2012. Strategically leveraging corporate social responsibility.California Management Review,54(3), pp.34-60. Researches have showed that the companies in modern business world have considered the initiatives of CSR as a strategy of sustainability and branding. In this way, it can be said that corporations save money in the field of advertising and branding activities in many areas of the target markets. More prominently in the rural areas, the modes of different media such as legacy media and digital media are not present. Hence, through various CSR initiatives, branding and promotion of the particular is done companies nowadays. Many scholars have defined corporate social responsibilities as corporate marketing. The stakeholders of the companies are abide by the legal regulations that focus on the key initiators of the CSR focus. The formulations of the strategies are defined by the level of involvement of the performers, entrepreneurs and other initiators of the strategic management department of the company. However, these motives and agendas of the companies are creating confusions amon g many researchers and scholars regarding the concept and objectives of CSR initiatives in the practical field. Various intangible aspects are given priority while leveraging the element of branding in the strategies of corporate social responsibilities. The intangible aspects are capability related resources, reputational resources, and knowledge based resources thus forming the branding strategies for the companies in the particular target market. Marn, L., Rubio, A. and Maya, S.R., 2012. Competitiveness as a strategic outcome of corporate social responsibility.Corporate social responsibility and environmental management,19(6), pp.364-376. A gap has been created between the objectives of the initiatives of corporate social responsibilities of the companies and the corporate strategy. CSR initiatives of various companies directly and indirectly influence the competitiveness of different CSR activities in the strategic dimension. It will address various circumstances; CSR is responsible for creating a positive impact on the corporate strategy, industry and the size. In the global competitive market, corporate social responsibilities initiatives are responsible for occupying an important prominent place in the global corporate world. Best practices of corporate social responsibilities include different types of social initiatives such as environmental protection acts, social initiatives, and community developmental strategies. Competitiveness of the market and the goals of CSR activities are related with each other in terms of innovation cycle. In this phase of corporate strategy, various practices related to corporate st rategies are given priority. There are multidimensional aspects of the concept of competitiveness in order to create competitive advantages in terms of sustainability at firm, national and industry level. Conclusion The annotated bibliography stated about various aspects of modern business firms across the world in the context of importance of corporate social responsibility strategies in the perspectives of implementation part of the corporations. Various aspects related to CSR initiatives such as national competitiveness, marketing strategies, branding initiatives, maintenance of sustainability in every business operations, etc are described in a detailed manner. Reference List Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2013. Embedded versus peripheral corporate social responsibility: Psychological foundations.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,6(4), pp.314-332. Bolton, L.E. and Mattila, A.S., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility affect consumer response to service failure in buyerseller relationships?.Journal of Retailing,91(1), pp.140-153. Boulouta, I. and Pitelis, C.N., 2014. Who needs CSR? The impact of corporate social responsibility on national competitiveness.Journal of Business Ethics,119(3), pp.349-364. Brammer, S., Jackson, G. and Matten, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-Economic Review,10(1), pp.3-28. Devinney, T.M., Schwalbach, J. and Williams, C.A., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance: Comparative perspectives.Corporate Governance: An International Review,21(5), pp.413-419. He, Y. and Lai, K.K., 2014. The effect of corporate social responsibility on brand loyalty: the mediating role of brand image.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(3-4), pp.249-263. Lee, E.M., Park, S.Y., Rapert, M.I. and Newman, C.L., 2012. Does perceived consumer fit matter in corporate social responsibility issues?.Journal of Business Research,65(11), pp.1558-1564. Marn, L., Rubio, A. and Maya, S.R., 2012. Competitiveness as a strategic outcome of corporate social responsibility.Corporate social responsibility and environmental management,19(6), pp.364-376. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. and Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.341-350. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), pp.95-119. Vallaster, C., Lindgreen, A. and Maon, F., 2012. Strategically leveraging corporate social responsibility.California Management Review,54(3), pp.34-60.

Working with Children free essay sample

Statutory sector – this is a service provided and funded by the government. It is a legal requirement for all children to attend school as they have the right to be educated. An example of this is a local primary school called St. Nicholas; this provides opportunities for children to receive support, care and an education. Another example of a statutory sector would be the NHS as it is funded through the government who get the money from tax payers that pay for the specialist equipment needed and wages for the doctors, nurses and other staff. Voluntary sector – this service is where people volunteer to work at a place where they don’t get paid to help out people in need. This is not funded by the government. An example of this is Haslingden Community Link and Children’s centre this offers counselling, advice, childcare, parenting and benefits to children and families. We will write a custom essay sample on Working with Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Charities are also a voluntary service such as Children in Need that raise money. Private Sector – this service is not provided by the government it is run by individuals and companies for profit. Parents have to pay to send their child but it is better for working parents because they offer more flexible hours. An example would be Cherry Tree Pre School in Rossendale that offers the same as a statutory preschool but more of a wide range of hours. (E2) Statutory school services try to support children by providing an education. It also helps the children through physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social development. As they will be doing physical activities like P. E, through English, maths and science they will learn intellectually, they will also be meeting a range of different children which will help with their social skills. For families the statutory sector provides advice, counselling and parenting. It also helps parents out by giving their children a safe place to go when they are working. Voluntary services such as charities raise money for families in need that help provide them with food, clothes and shelter. Also they offer advice and counselling. A good example of a voluntary service would be a youth club that support teenagers. They provide activities and day trips like for example my local youth club took us to Alton Towers for free. They benefit young adults by giving them a place to belong and keeping them off the streets and committing crimes they also offer support and advice. The private sector like private schools and nurseries assists out with families who work long hours for a safe environment for their children to stay. Private schools offer a more advanced education than a statutory school as well as excellent expectations from all children. Private schools are usually expensive because of the high standard that is expected. The private sector provides children with a sense of independence and maturity. (E3) Legislation is a statutory law in a childcare setting and promotes two main things; safety/protection and the rights of children. Children’s rights include education, shelter and freedom. The Children Act 1989/2004 This act aims to protect the child from harm and to work in partnership with parents, ensuring that â€Å"the welfare of the child is paramount. ’’ It forms the legal framework that sets quality standards in most voluntary and private sector children services, and enables OFSTED to operate a registration and inspection system for these services. Children’s basic care and protection is an important part of this act, The Children Act 2004 sets out the process of integrated services for children. In order to achieve the outcomes of ‘Every Child Matters† In court the welfare of the child is the paramount consideration. Their main aims are for every child, whatever their background or circumstances, to have the support they need to: * Be healthy * Stay safe * Enjoy and achieve * Make a positive contribution * Achieve economic well-being Childcare Act 2006 This legislation replaced part 10A of the Children’s Act 1989. The act also lays our registration and inspection arrangements providing for an integrated education and care framework for the early years (EYR) and general childcare registers (GCR). This directly links to OFSTED EYR for people caring for children aged from birth to 31 August after their  fifth birthday and the GCR for childcare over this age. The GCR has two parts: the compulsory part (for providers of childcare for children aged  five to seven) and a voluntary part (for providers of childcare for children aged  eight and over or childcare that is exempt from registering on a compulsory basis). (E4) Principles * The welfare of the child is paramount. * Practitioners contribute to children’s care, learning and development and this is reflected in every aspect of practice. Practitioners work with parents and families who are partners in the care, learning and development of their children. Principles and Values that underpin working with children * Put the child first – The child’s needs come first such as food, drink, shelter etc. Recognize if they need help, and take into account any learning difficulties. Also the safeguarding of chi ldren is most important â€Å" You should always remember when working with children is that their welfare is paramount† (Tassoni, 2007) – the children act 1989. Never to use physical punishment – Other ways practitioners deal with behavior without using any physical punishment are through behavior policies e. g. ‘The naughty chair. ’ Award systems are also used for good behavior. To physically handle a child a practitioner needs to be qualified to restrain, have an appropriate reason to restrain a child and record the incident. * Respect parent/ carer – This includes getting their consent, respecting their confidentiality, professional communication such as using manners, valuing what they want for their child and treating all as equal. Respect staff and other professionals – Value their opinions even if you do not agree with them, to not cause arguments, using manners to not undermine them and listen to them * Respect families views/ beliefs – Show respect for what they celebrate e. g. Ramadam, Christmas, Hanukah etc. Respect different cultures and teach children the other beliefs so they don’t grow up to be ignorant to other religions, don’t discriminate and keep opinions to yourself. * Equality and Diversity – Keep in consideration that all children are unique and have different needs that need to be met, treat all hildren the same no matter their differences and make sure every child has equal opportunities. * Honor Confidentiality – Do not use the child’s name use initials or ‘Child A’ and don’t use their date of birth or name of setting in your observations. All children’s information should be stored away in a safe place such as a filing cabinet in an office. Any information stored on computers must have a password. (E5) All children are unique and they all have different needs. In the childcare setting it is important to realise this as diversity is crucial. In the setting you must never discriminate against any child or their parents as it is not professional and it’s important to respect what parents want for their child even if you may not agree with it. In the childcare setting you will come across children with all sorts of different religions and cultures and you need to make sure you value children’s lifestyles and to introduce children to difference so they don’t grow up to be ignorant towards other cultures. In the setting ways you can demonstrate to children different cultures and religions by celebrating religious festivals such as Eid which in my practice the placement had an Eid party which included foods they eat in Eid and the outfits they wear. By offering different cultures and religions to children this can give them a good understanding and may result in them choosing a culture/religion they want to believe in. Children are different in many other ways such as intellect. No doubt in any setting there will be children with a low ability of learning and as childcare worker such as a teacher it is your job to adapt activities to suit the individual needs of some children. It is important to include all children and to not leave any out as that will leave children with low self-esteem issues, for example if you are doing an activity with the children and one child has a learning difficulty it is not fair to leave them out to do their own thing. In any childcare setting you have to respect and value the parents views, beliefs and needs for their children and even if you have different views and beliefs you have to keep your opinions to yourself. (E6) Professional skills Good team worker – being an effective team worker is important because in the childcare setting staff and other professionals need to work together to provide children with the right education and the right care needed for them to develop properly. Team work can also help yourself as you can learn through other professionals and adapt your ways if necessary. Consistent and Fair – It is important to have consistency in the childcare setting as children realize when things aren’t quite the same for example if the teacher tells someone off for something one day and then the next they don’t. If the teacher isn’t consistent it can be very confusing the children. Fairness is also very important in the setting as every child should be treated as equal and it wouldn’t be fair if one child got to do one thing and another child didn’t. Organised – Organisational skills are vital in childcare as the childcare worker has to plan out a range of activities for different days e. g. eachers will need to plan everything from lessons plans to homework sheets. Being organised helps you to know what is expected of each day and to be prepared to meet those expectations. Organisation also ties in with time management skill because you need to organise your time to see where you can fit in some work or planning. (E7) Study skills Skills that will help me complete my training successfully include time management skills, this can be used by making a timetable of your time to easily see where to fit some study time in, this helps organisational skills which is key to successfully completing my training. Research is very important for assignments as it will help you learn certain things you are not taught in lessons. Research can be done in your spare time and will help me pick up extra marks to help me get the grade I want. Taking time out of your life to do some revising will help pieces of information stick in your memory for when it comes to writing your assignments. In practice a skill that is important for your training is note-taking as it will help you remember things you observe in your setting that you can include in your diary tasks and assignments as evidence. At placement you can observe the teacher and study how they are with the children so you can take what you’ve learnt and use it in your own practice. Other ways of studying can include listening to music as it helps some people focus some people prefer to study with others because they learn better through teamwork, others prefer to work on their own in their own space with no distractions. (D1) It is important for the practitioner to build an appropriate relationship with parents; an easy way to do this is to make sure you have good communication with them. For example make sure that you talk them in the appropriate language for example using their manners e. g. please and thank you. Therefore if you have good commutation skills and good body language when working with parents they are more likely to trust you when looking after their children. Although, it is very unprofessional if a practitioner was to have an inappropriate relationship with parents such as if a practitioner has a friendship with a parent it puts the practitioner in difficult situation where the parent may want you to breach the rules of confidentiality and ask you to give them some private information. Another reason it is a problem for a professional to have a friendship with a parent is that it can cause problems for others for example if there is a situation between two children where one child hits another and the parent asks you to tell them who the other child that hit their child is and this would be breaking confidentiality. When a practitioner has a friendship with a parent the parent may ask you to treat their child different to the others which is unprofessional because in the childcare setting the practitioner must treat all children equally. It is also essential that the practitioner has a professional relationship with other professionals in the setting as it helps to work as a team and it’s important that you respect other professionals even if you don’t particularly like them. The practitioner must listen to the other professional’s opinions and thoughts and you must value all members in your setting team. (D2) When working in any childcare setting you will work as a team. A childcare worker will also liaise with other professionals inside and outside of the setting. This is sometimes referred to as a ‘multi-agency approach. ’ It is a way of working that ensures children and young people who need additional support have exactly the right professionals needed to support them. Multi-agency working provides benefits for children, young people and families because they receive tailor-made support in the most efficient way. The benefits of this include * early identification and intervention * easier or quicker access to services or expertise * improved achievement in education and better engagement in education * better support for parents children, young people and family’s needs addressed more appropriately * better quality services * Reduced need for more specialist services. To make an effective team every team member must feel valued and welcomed. Peoples views must be respected learn from each other and adapt practice if necessary, provide each other with support and encouragement to achieve goals and good communication. Pro fessionals in a multi-agency team include midwives, social workers, special needs coordinator, teachers, parent’s behavioral psychologist etc. Characteristics of a Multi-Agency team: * Co-operation * Consistancy * Encouragement * Respect * Efficiency * Sharing/ confidentiality * Support * Communication * Use common assessment framework (C) The early years practitioner should listen to children’s views and value their opinions as â€Å"Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression† UN Convention (1991) Children need to be listened to so that the practitioner can get an idea of the child’s likes, dislikes, abilities and areas of development so that they can plan suitable activities for the child. If listened to, children will also gain a sense of belonging in the setting and realise they are being valued and respected. As a result children may reflect the practitioner’s attitude towards them in their behaviour towards others. Showing children that they are valued and listening to their views allows them to respect themselves and be more confident, not just in their work but their daily routines too. They will be increasingly open minded and out spoken, therefore making it easier for practitioners to understand a child’s wants and needs and successfully providing them. Hannah Mortimer, author of various early years’ books and an educational psychologist, believed that young children should be allowed to have a say and be included in decision making when planning so practitioners can ensure that children have equal opportunities, feel involved and successful in their learning and play. They should be given activities and interventions to suit their interests and strengths. Therefore children will feel a greater sense of achievement when they recognise that their opinions were the source of their success. If a practitioner doesn’t listen to the children’s views or value their opinions it can cause problems for the child as it may make them think they are not valued or respected and may be left with a low self-esteem. Also if not listened to children may not listen to others and have a lack of understanding that listening is important. (B) Whilst you are training and on placement there are certain things you can and cannot do and you are expected to behave in a professional manner such as using manners and respecting children, staff and parents. The settings policies and procedures should help you with this. The key areas of roles, limits and boundaries are; -Health and safety -Managing children’s behaviour -Child protection -Confidentiality It is essential for practitioners to know the limits and boundaries because if they push the boundaries they might contradict and undermine the teacher. If a practitioner feels a child is in danger at home like important to tell an appropriate source such as the schools safe-guarding officer. When working with children it is important to follow the rules on confidentiality for example if a child in your setting had an issue at home with their family you would keep this confidently and only tell members of staff in the setting . You would not go out of your setting and use any of the children names as this is a breach of the confidentiality. It’s also important to know that the only time a practitioner can breach the confidentiality rules is if a child is in danger and you need to urgently access their information. Rules of managing children’s behaviour are as follows; No physical punishment is allowed and if it happens the practitioner will face a prison sentence as it is against the law. You are not allowed to physically handle the children such as to grab or pick up a child, only if you are specialised to restrain and only if you have an appropriate reason to do so and the incident must be recorded. (A) A child centred approach is early years setting is very important in for the children because it shows that we value the children the most and everything we do is centred around them. One of the key features of the child centred approach is that every child is unique and needs adults to fully support the development to their full potential. A child centred approach should give all children the support they need to: be healthy stay safe enjoy and achieve make a positive contribution achieve economic well-being All places for children and young people (school/nursery) are based on the individual so they can focus on the individual needs of the child or young person rather than a whole group of children and young people. Ways to show a child centred approach are in the classroom environment by having cupboards low down so it is easy for children to access, small chairs and small tables, displayed work of the children’s, colourful decorations, books, toys etc. all these show that we value the children. Other ways you can provide a child centred approach are through promoting independence by letting children do their own thing like reading a book, they may hold the book upside down, or they may turn 3 pages at once but as long as they are being independent and learning through experiences it doesn’t matter. The child centred approach first came from the Reggio Emilia approach, this is an educational philosophy focused on preschool and primary education. It was started by Lors Malaguzzi, who was a teacher in Italy, the people of Reggio Emilia believed that in the early years of development that children form who they were as individuals. This led to a program based on respect, responsibility and community through exploration and discovery in a supportive way based on the kid’s interests.

Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction

Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction Design and Methods Used In the Study A study by Aversa et al. to establish the effects of the drug vardenafil on obese men with sexual dysfunction uses all male obese subjects attending the outpatient unit of the health facility (2012). Exclusion criteria for participants include patients on certain medications such as antidiabetic, cardiovascular, statin, and other conditions as described in a previously administered questionnaire.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Twenty subjects participate in the study for 8 weeks by recording their sexual experiences during the study period in a questionnaire and a diary (Aversa et al., 2012).  Bronner and VoduÃ… ¡ek attempt to manage sexual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) since this disease significantly affects sexual function (2011). They suggest the introduction of dopaminergic drugs and the subs equent follow-up on patients diagnosed with PD. They also encourage the use of lubricants by female patients and timely counseling for all patients.  Mastalir, Carvalhal, and Portal seek to investigate the outcome of the drug simvastatin in sexual dysfunction because of endothelial dysfunction. Twenty one patients receive 20 mg of simvastatin while 20 others receive a placebo for a period of six months. Subsequently, they all get 10 mg of vardenafil on demand for four weeks.  Tomlinson and Wright, in an exploratory qualitative study with semi-structured interviews, seek to explore the effect of treating SD using sildenafil (2004). The study uses 40 men with erectile dysfunction and questionnaires to get information on the sexual experiences of the participants. Reis, de Angelo, Sakamoto, Ferriani, and Lara assess serum hormone concentrations, quality of semen, frequency of sexual intercourse, and erectile function in men with epileptic seizures taking carbamazepine (2013). The s tudy uses semi-structured questionnaires and the IIEF-5 form to obtain patient responses. Method of Analysis Aversa et al. use analysis of variance to assess disparities among treatment clusters (2012). A 50% increase in IELT (intravaginal ejaculatory latency time) is quantified using a two-sided alpha value of 0.05. The arithmetic mean IELT is compared with BMI using a multiple regression analysis. The study considers a P-value 0.05 ±s.d. as statistically significant and performs all analyses using SPSS and SAS computer statistical packages (Aversa et al., 2012). Bronner and VoduÃ… ¡ek analyze the efficacy of treatment on reported patient responses (2011).  Tests such as â€Å"serum cholesterol, hormone profile, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF), and the ED Index of Treatment Satisfaction† are done after the treatment of patients with simvastatin, placebo, and vardenafil (Mastalir, Carvalhal, Portal, 2011 p. 242).A dvertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The study uses statistical tests like the Students t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, χ 2, Mann–Whitney test, and ANOVA (Mastalir, Carvalhal, Portal, 2011).  Tomlinson and Wright use thematic analysis to spot and investigate issues concerning the participants’ experiences (2004). The study carries out the data analysis concomitantly with data collection to enable full tackling of emergent concerns in subsequent interviews. The researchers carry out progressive focusing by grouping identified topics into sub-themes for further discussion. The study uses the NUD*ist software to handle and retrieve all the data in the research (Tomlinson Wright, 2004). Reis et al. use 118 men in their research (2013). Of the 118 men, 63 are epileptic while 55 are normal. Blood samples from all the participants are tested for the various pa rameters after which a comparison between the two groups is made using P test as the statistical test (Reis et al., 2013). References Aversa, A., Francomano, D., Bruzziches, R., Natali, M., Guerra, A., Latini, M., Donini, L. M., Lenzi, A. (2012). A pilot study to evaluate the effects of vardenafil on sexual distress in men with obesity. International Journal of Impotence Research, 24(3), 122-125. Bronner, G. VoduÃ… ¡ek D. B. (2011). Management of sexual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 4(6), 375-383. Mastalir, E. T., Carvalhal, G. F., Portal, V. L. (2011). The effect of simvastatin in penile erection. International Journal of Impotence Research, 23(6), 242-248. Reis, R. M., de Angelo, A. G., Sakamoto, A. C., Ferriani, R. A., Lara, L. A. S. (2013). Altered sexual and reproductive functions in epileptic men taking carbamazepine. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10(2), 493-499.Advertising We will write a custom essay samp le on Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tomlinson, J., Wright, D. (2004). Impact of erectile dysfunction and its subsequent treatment with sildenafil: Qualitative study. BMJ. 328(2004), 1037-1039. Web.

American and Chinese Retail Market Research Proposal

American and Chinese Retail Market - Research Proposal Example What are the differences in the consumers What are the hindrances What are the benefits attached What are the implications of Economic and financial policies The issue of understanding the differences in the economic policies and the consumer market between the established markets like U.S. and emerging markets like China is of immense importance. Many multinational enterprises view China as a vital market and one with tremendous potential for growth in the future. The successful expansion of most multinationals depends upon the strategies and policies designed by keeping in view these economic and social differences. After taking a review of the researches for the problem through different aspects I will try to find out and underline the differences in both the markets and Governmental policies of both countries. A primary component of extensive theories of consumer behaviour is product assessment where consumers evaluate the characteristics of numerous product offerings. Such assessment is undertaken for their own decision making and for finalising purchasing decisions. In this phase of consumer behaviour, products are assessed on numerous characteristics, in regard to what consumers consider as their priority - as an outcome, product attitudes determining purchase decisions are developed. A significant body of empirical research has determined the importance which Chinese consumers attach to various product characteristics. Results suggest that a wide array of intrinsic criteria including style, comfort, colour, workmanship, and either fabric, fabric content, and fibber comfort were considered as top factors (Forsythe et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2002). While the extrinsic criteria of either price or brand were evaluated as somewhat less significant than either attribute in two of the studies (Zhang et al., 2002), Forsythe et al. (1999) purport that price, along with design and quality, strongly influenced the purchase intentions regarding a jacket. Since economic and cultural factors have been associated with consumers' distinct use of country of assembly information when assessing and buying products (Low & Corkindale, 1998; Zhang, 1996), and outsourcing production is prevalent, there are studies which have studied the influence of country of assembly in more depth. Several studies have asserted that Chinese consumers' buying choice, perceptions of

Beginner's mind Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Beginner's mind - Assignment Example Generally, these physicists do not use or think of nonsense. Many of these physicists spend their expert lives having thoughts along well reputable thought lines. The scientists seen in establishing the reputable lines of thought are seen not to involve themselves boldly into nonsense (Zukav, 117). In physics, the individuals who might have felt the excitement of the creative process are the individuals who have best slipped the bonds of the recognized to undertake far in the territories that have not been explored and lying beyond the noticeable barrier. This kind of an individual has two traits. The first trait is a childlike capability of viewing the world as it is and not as it is seen according to what individuals recognize about it (Zukav, 118). For example, in â€Å"The Emperor’s New Clothes,† when the emperor passed through the roads, a child stated that the emperor did not have clothes while the other individuals forced themselves in believing that the emperor dressed in his best new clothing. The child is seen by the individuals to be innocent and naà ¯ve (Zukav, 118). The second trait is the strong confidence that the scientists and the artists have in them. This confidence is a manifestation of an inner strength that enables them in speaking out, confident in the facts that, appearances to the disagreeing, it is the universe that is mixed up and not them (Zukav, 118). In conclusion, the first individual to see an impression that has been flourished by other individuals for centuries certainly stays in a lonely area. In that insight moment, the individual only sees the noticeable which the rest of the world views it as madness or nonsense. This sureness is not the fool’s obstinacy, but the surety of him recognizing what he recognizes and recognizing that he can express it to other individuals in a meaningful way (Zukav,

Analysis Of The Activity Of Louis Vuitton Company Essay - 4

Analysis Of The Activity Of Louis Vuitton Company - Essay Example PESTEL stands for factors which may affect the operations of the business such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental as well as legal factors (Lancaster & Reynolds 1999). These are explained in detail below and Appendix 1 shows a summary of the major points noted. This is a very useful tool for analyzing the environment in which an organization operates. It can be noted that there are various factors that affect the operations of any given organization and these have to be taken into consideration by an organization that is serious about its viability so as to achieve competitive advantage (Kottler 1999). Any given organization is guided by certain factors that so as to ensure that it does not violate the needs and interests of the consumers as well as the other stakeholders. Political In the UK, there are policies that govern the operations of all organizations that are involved in the manufacturing of different products so as to meet the expected standards. Consumer law in the UK is effective and under the EU law, every big organization like Louis Vuitton is expected to protect the needs and interests of the customers. It can be noted that the current political environment prevailing in the EU is not exploitative which is seen as the reason why exclusive manufactures like Louis Vuitton continue enjoying growth and expansion since inception to the present day. Economic factors The organization has not been spared by the impacts of the recent global economic recession though it managed to bounce back in the first half of 2010. By virtue of specializing in producing only exclusive products with premium prices, the operations of the organization are likely to be affected during turbulent times given that premium prices charged are specifically meant for a few people who can shift their buying behavior which negatively impacts on the operations of the organization as a whole. However, LVMH- Louis Vuitton harnesses on its resilience and responsiveness even during the most difficult trying times.

Career and Gender Discrimination in Bahrain | Case Study

Career and Gender Discrimination in Bahrain | Case Study Ellen Moore (A) Living and working in Bahrain Case summary The case describes the working life and career decision of Ellen Moore, an American expatriate in Bahrain in the 1980s. Ellen is an outstanding and capable person both in terms of academic and professional background. Right after graduation with an MBA degree, she followed her husband to work as a financial specialist in Bahrain. Bahrain is a country situated in the Persian Gulf and its modernization and economy are strongly associated with the oil industry. Expatriates have been playing an important role in bringing expertise and dynamics to its under-developed areas. Ellen came to Bahrain to work as manager because of her vast work experience, she really like the opportunity to be a teacher and work with other people, although some working style, professional capability, religion were different from her home country, she believed that the ability to handle different situation would be an important international experience for her. After two years hard working, Ellen was offered with two senior management options of career promotion, one in accounts control and another in customer service. She wanted to choose the accounts control position but was faced with an explicit discriminatory practice by her manager for being a woman. He said that because the position she chose would involve visiting Saudi Arabia and negotiating with men, as a female she would not be able to fulfill this position. So there are four possible solutions that Allen could choose: 1. Take the customer position that she does not like 2. Fight back 3. Remain her current position 4. Leave the company. 1. The Case core issues a) Gender discrimination in the Bahraini society reflected in the organisational culture After two years of successful work, Ellen was offered two new positions in different areas. After carefully evaluate the two positions, she decided to take the Accounts Control position. When meeting with the General Manager, she was told that the offer had been reconsidered and this position was not available for her anymore. The reasons were: As a woman, she would be subject to discriminatory practices in Saudi Arabia and would experience difficulty travelling alone there as it is one of the job requirements She would also have difficulty in obtaining entry visas Customers would not accept to negotiate with a woman In case of hostile outbreak, she could be in danger. b) International migration of qualified workforce In 1975 offshore banking began in Bahrain. Since the country did not have experts to develop this industry, expatriates from around the world, particularly from Western Europe and North America, were invited to conduct business in Bahrain; Expatriates who lived under residence permits gained on the basis of recruitment for a specialist position that could not be filled by a qualified and available Bahraini citizen; Bahrain became a multicultural country. Expatriates would interact not only with Arabic nationals, but also with managers from others parts of the world, and with workers from developing countries; No formal training, especially in the difference among management practices, was provided in order to better adapt expatriates to new country/culture. c) Managing in a different culture Several aspects of the Middle Eastern culture had tremendous impact on the way of doing business, especially for the western firms which located in Bahrain: What Western managers considered to be proof of an argument or factual evidence could be flatly denied by a Bahraini: if something was not believed, it did not exist. It seemed that the concept of time differed between Middle Eastern and Western cultures. Schedules and deadlines, while sacred to Western managers, commanded little respect from Bahraini employees. Islamic religion: praying five times a day and Ramadan working hours. There is no separation of church, state and judiciary. Attitude towards women: all women could work outside the home, with hours restricted both by convention and by the labour laws. They could only work only after got their husbands, fathers, or brothers permission, and could not take potential employment away from men. Work outside the home was additional to duties performed inside the home. Most women who worked held secretarial or clerk positions; very few worked in management. The truth to a Bahraini employee was subject to an Arab interpretation, which was formed over hundreds of years of cultural evolution. 2. Possible solutions that Ellen faced a) Take the Customer Services position: †¢ Strength: By accepting the Customer Service position, she is taking her career to a new level. With new challenges to face, more responsibilities to meet and huge number of employees to manage which she has proven herself to have the skills and qualifications in this new role. It could be an option to take her career further and even could be a role model for women in this country that want to be in management position. †¢ Weakness: By accepting this position, she is sending the message that she is accepting the discrimination that she experienced. She would be compromising her values, which is probably painful for her as an educated American woman, because her true personality has been violated. b) Fight Back: †¢ Strength: Fighting back can help Ellen remain her true personality. By seeking help from Senior Vice-president, Ellen may persuade the SVP to stand by her side, get the position that she dreamed of. Another way to do it is to try her chances in the Bahraini Labor Tribunals, if she wins the case in the tribunal, it will help her change the women unequal rights in the company or even to be a role model for women in the Bahraini society. †¢ Weakness: Stepping over the general manager and reaching the Senior Vice-President to solve the issue might affect her relationship with the general manager who trusted her and nominated her for senior management position. This may result in serious conflicts with the organization management and risk Ellens job. c) Stay in her current position: †¢ Strength: The option of keeping the current position could be a safe choice for Ellen to maintain good relationship with her manager, keep her own values; and also not give in to the general managers prejudices. Meanwhile, she could start considering other career options. †¢ Weakness: Gender discrimination in public life and workplace is a noticeable issue in Bahrain (Asian Center for Human Rights 2007), thus the opportunity for promotion could be reduced in the future if Allen refused this promotion. Also, according to Metcalfe (2007), in Arab nations where women are expected to resign from their jobs when they are married; the training and professional academic qualifications are prioritized for men. Additionally, by not accepting the goodwill from the general manager, Ellen could be risking her relationship with him. d) Leave the company: †¢ Strength: According to Hofstede cultural dimensions (1993), Ellen is a person with high Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) who aspires for professionalism and punctuality. Bahrain Society, on the other hand, has a low UA featured in greater tolerance in timing. The big differences in Uncertainty Avoidance and Power Distance traits between Ellens and Bahrain society might hinder Ellens ability to develop her career in the country. Moreover, the reasons for Ellen to prefer the Account Control position are to gain international experience, better pay and challenging opportunities and these can be found in other job positions. †¢ Weakness: In Bahrain, it is required to obtain a permission letter from current employer in order to seek or move to work for another employer. If the relationship between the employee and the employer is not in good terms, then there is a high possibility that the current employer will refuse to release the employee. If Ellen cannot find another job and leaves the country, her husband might also need to leave his current job and find an alternative solution for both of them. 3. Proposed solution We recommend that Ellen remain in her current position until other work opportunities arise for her. According to Hofstede (1993), Ellen possess low Power Distance (PD) trait that influences her desire for reaching the equality for both men and women in work and life. Staying in the same position and not accepting the Customer Service position will work better for her by keeping her values and refusing to accept the gender discrimination. Moreover, this option allows Ellen to express her strong interest in sharpening her financial expertise while possibly retaining good relationship with the supervisor. As Ellen came to Bahrain with the aim to train Bahrainis to take over her job this option would still facilitate her aspiration. Thus, staying in the company can give her more time to think and search for other alternatives and career prospects. According to Al-Lamky (2007), unequal policies, structures and programs in the organization that may obstruct womens employment and career growth, he mentioned that the best way to solve gender issues should involved policy and structure change in the organization. By remaining in her current position, Ellen could lobby some policy evaluation in the organization, continue advocate equal gender rights for women, some examples that she may like to lobby: implementing programs to increase sensitivity towards women; through work recognition and promotion to make top women visible in the organization; creating an organizational culture that is open and sensitive to differing styles in the workplace (San Dico Kleiner, 1999). Child care could also be an interesting program to be developed as it would be an auxiliary in helping women to perform the cultural responsibilities attributed to them (Al-Lamky 2007). With the power that she already had in the company and the help of her current fem ale employees, there is a great chance that she could win in this lobby battle. 4. Emic-concept and its influence in the decision making Aiming to investigate elements of the Bahrain culture that are relevant to the management field, we considered the Emic Concept in this case study is the gender discrimination. Throughout the case, the gender discrimination was highly observed in the workplace, Bahrain had difficulties accepting and acknowledging the contributions of women to management. In Ellens story, she suffered discrimination for being a woman in many situations. One of them that we have mentioned above was the career decision that Ellen had to choose, her general manager told her that the offer had been reconsidered because she was a woman and as such, would face difficulties executing the job. Such difficulties included women face discriminatory practices in Saudi Arabia and customers refusing to negotiate with her. Although she had the ability and qualification for the customer service position, she refused it because it was based on gender rather than competence. Another situation of gender discrimination in the workplace was in managing male employees. In the case, an employee named Fahad, would always refuse to listen to whatever Ellen had presented to him and he always disregarded Ellens ideas. However, with her continue effort she managed to resolve the problem and was able to perform with Fahad many successful projects. Because this case happened in 1980s, in your mind the gender discrimination situation would be better in this country in nowadays; however, if we looking at some statistics in recent years, you will realize that your judgment is too hasty. In 2006, women in Bahrain held only 9% of senior civil service posts although they constituted 11% of the private sector workforce and 42% of the government workforce (Asian Centre for Human Rights, 2007). It demonstrates that gender bias is still strong in the workplace, and women receive significantly low remuneration than their male counterparts, one of the reasons is the Arab societies are reluctant to abandon their traditional viewpoint of women, they thought that their primarily role should be in house and rise children (Mostafa 2005). However, things are not set in stone forever, some Arabic nations have seen considerable changes for women situation nowadays, According to Mostafa (2005), research on attitudes towards women roles â€Å"showed over the last two decades or so a universal trend of increasing liberalism and acceptance of more egalitarian role definitions, especially among women†. Women can be also found in positions such as ministerial and parliamentary positions, running businesses and siting as presidents in national universities, with increasingly figures in the work force and rising to managerial positions (Omair 2008). Given the facts learned from the case and recent researches just presented, the emic concept has influenced the process of decision making as the group understood that decision choosing to continue working in her current job would reflect less discriminatory practices. She would accept a position as customer service which was offered based on gender and, also, Ellen Moore would not be compromising her job and legal rights to remain Bahrain. 5. References Omair, K. (2008). Women in management in the Arab context. Education, Business and Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues. Vol. 1 No. 2. pp. 107-123. Al-Lamky, A. (2007) Feminizing leadership in Arab societies: the perspectives of Omani female leaders. Women in Management Review. Volume: 22. Issue:1 Asian Centre for Human Rights. (2007). Bahrain: Stakeholders Report, India. Hofsted, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy of Management Executive. 7(1), 81-94. Metcalfe, B. D. (2007). Gender and human resource management in the Middle East. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18:1,54 -74, p.12,13 Mostafa , M. (2005). Attitudes towards women managers in the United Arab Emirates, Journal of Managerial Psychology. Vol. 20 No. 6, pp. 522-540. Sandico, C. and Kleiner, B. H. (1999). New development concerning gender discrimination in the work place. Equal Opportunities International. Volume 18 Number 2/3/4 .

The Avant-garde Architecture O :: essays research papers

The Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei (I.M) is known as one of the greatest architects of the Twentieth Century. His long, brilliant career was highlighted by several internationally famous structures. While many of Pei’s buildings were generally accepted by the public, some of them precipitated fair amounts of controversy. The most notable of these controversial structures is his Glass Pyramid at the entrance of the Louvre in Paris. For these reasons, I.M. Pei seems to be an architect who exhibits interest in the avant-garde through both the creative design and aestheticism of his architecture. Pei was born in China in 1917 and immigrated to the United States in 1935. He originally attended the University of Pennsylvania but grew unconfident in his drawing skills so he dropped out and pursued engineering at MIT. After Pei decided to return to architecture, he earned degrees from both MIT and Harvard. In 1956, after he had taught at Harvard for three years, he established I.M. Pei & Partners, an architectural firm that has been known as Pei Cobb Freed & Partners since 1989. This firm is famous for its successful and rational solutions to a variety of design problems. They are responsible for many of the largest pubic and private construction projects in the second half of this century. Some of these projects include the East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., the John F. Kennedy Memorial Library in Boston, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland. When French President Francois Mitterand â€Å"personally selected Mr. Pei in 1983 to design the Grand Louvre to give air, space, and light to one of the world’s most congested museums,† (Markham, 1989) there were many critics. The press â€Å"lambasted the idea of shattering the harmony of the Louvre’s courtyard with a glass iceberg† (Markham, 1989). But Pei proceeded as planned, taking a major risk in creating a glass pyramid structure at the entrance. He did not focus on what the critics would say about his plans, but hoped that the world would see, upon completion, that his vision of a contemporary, functional entrance would not clash with the Baroque style of the Louvre itself. When the pyramid was completed in 1989, Pei’s expression of avant-garde art was not entirely accepted. Many critics praised the aspiration with which the architect designed it, but ridiculed many aspects of its functionality: â€Å"The practical problem is that the Pyramid, once you get inside, is noisy, hot, and disorienting† (Campbell, 1989).

Steven Holl – Ideas on Architecture

Steven Hold: Thoughts and Ideas on Architecture As I sit and listen to the rainfall, I can't help but wonder about the changing of seasons. Winter to spring, Spring to summer, summer to fall, fall back to winter. While each droplet of rain must have Journeyed long and far before it descended upon me, now it's Just a pool of droplets. The best part about spring is the rain showers. Without the spring rain we would have no summer flowers, no gardens, not leaves or grass. Spring marks the direction of a new change. One with more life, a new beginning of sorts.A precedent for the following months; a metamorphosis from en season to the next. Ancient Greek philosopher Heraclites found fascination with change in its most simple form. He believed that all is flux, and nothing stays still. But what if he was wrong†¦? If flux could be stopped what would happen? I could walk out into this storm and not be wet, for the droplets of rain are still and the clouds stationary. In the moment, I f ind tranquility in the storm. Peacefulness rests among the stillness of earth. Not a splash of water made, not a scour in the trees, not even a whistle to the wind.I think to myself, ‘The serenity of nature is unlike anything else in this world. All of a sudden, CLASH!! Lightning strikes followed by a violent boom of thunder. A nearby tree creaks like an old door opening as it falls to the ground; unexpectedly I became drenched by the rainfall. I sought shelter under a roof, but it seemed as if the world was at ease. Almost as if earth made a treaty with itself to remain motionless for the rest of time. Nevertheless, it wasn't because if nothing changed then storms wouldn't occur, seasons couldn't transpire, and life would be lifeless.This earth we live on is one of a kind and distinct from anything else. Earth speaks for itself and Heraclites states this excellently, â€Å"Not l, but the world says it all: All is one. And yet everything comes in season. † In comparison to the precedent of spring to the rest of the seasons, a person's early life can shape the following years in their life. Steven Holly's career was foreshadowed by his earliest years when he and his brother built a 3-story tree house and also an underground clubhouse. This was not only outlined in his childhood, but also in his years of education.While growing up in Beaverton, Washington, he developed the desire to make things, sculpt, draw, and build. After high school, Hold went to study architecture at the University of Washington. His Junior year he left the states and engulfed himself in the great city of Rome, moving from Beaverton, a shipyard city with little architectural density, to Rome, the pinnacle of architectural history. 5 While in Rome, the Vietnam War was taking place so, Hold, instead of developing his thoughts and ideas on architecture, wrote a conscientious objection on philosophical rather religious grounds.After receiving a reply, he was dismissed due to †Å"physical deformity' and never had an actual physical examination. Hold obsessed over his objection because he didn't want them to falsify his opposition, and consequently left Rome with no projects. Upon returning to Washington, he had difficulties finding a firm to hire him. After a year at a small firm outside of Seattle, Hold left to go to San Francisco, where he formed a union with William Stout and Bill Zimmerman; they called themselves â€Å"Opus 411 . † Together they entered competitions and wrote declarations of architecture, but all ended too soon, for Hold was broke and needed a job.In search of a Job and possible graduate school, Hold was accepted at Harvard, Princeton, and Yale, and on top of that hired at Louis Khan's office in Philadelphia. He made the decision to take the Job and decline the schools. Confusion descended once Hold received word of Khan's death. He declined acceptance to graduate schools for a Job that was no longer possible. Fortunately in 197 6, Hold was offered to study, tuition free, at the Architectural Association in London by a man named Alvin Boyar. 5 For that reason, Hold made another life-changing decision and packed his bags to go to London.During that time he traveled to every possible building to experience them first hand and to sketch hem. Living as a vagabond in the streets of London, by some meaner, Hold managed to find a client from Paris. His new client was upset with his noisy and crowded vacation home so Hold made large pencil drawings of a new retreat house offset from the shore. In one of the drawings he sketched a man on a boat headed to his refuge home, his back to the home and face to the shore. Hold comments, â€Å"The character in the rowboat illustrates the way that all of us must work. He cannot see where he is going, only where he has been.Progress is tempered by a sense of mystery, of doubt. â€Å"5 A couple years later, Hold made more elaborate pencil drawings of a project for the South B ronx called Gymnasium-Bridge. This project won a Progressive Architecture Award in 1978. Upset by the way his work was presented in Progressive Architecture, he called his colleague Bill Stout, who had opened a bookstore back in San Francisco to make a publication of manifestos and single projects. This was the inception of what would be known as â€Å"Pamphlet Architecture. † Hold set specific guidelines for him and his colleagues to follow for this publication.This was an avian-garden idea at the mime and gave new and unusual ways of looking at architecture. These anthologies feature groundbreaking works by forward thinkers of today's most well-known architects, including Steven Hold, Living Timidity, Lubbers Woods, and Gaza Had. 6/7 Holly's excerpts from Pamphlet Architecture are very much concerned with typology and morphology, that is, a study based on classification and also a study on building forms. â€Å"Pamphlet Architecture #5 The Alphabetical City' speaks on the nature of urban buildings during the first half of the 20th century.Hold inscribes, â€Å"†¦ The notorious portions of cities that evolved on gridiron plans – certain letter-like buildings recurred. The â€Å"L†, or the â€Å"l† type depend on their adjoining structures for meaning. They become â€Å"dead letters† when left stranded as free- standing buildings. â€Å"6 You can see here Hold had been analyzing buildings and then classifying certain buildings by the letter in the alphabet they resembled. The forms of these buildings from the generation before him caused him to questions the idea of architecture from that time.Holly's current language of architecture wasn't uncovered until he came across the arks of French philosopher Maurice Merle-Pointy in 1984. 1 This was a time when Hold radically changed his methods for making and understanding architecture. Subsequent to the discovery of Merle-Pointy, Hold brought light to the idea of deriving p rojects from concepts outside of architecture. Over the years, he harnessed this method and played with it as a departure for his work. From there on out, Hold became preoccupied with the idea of experience.Merle-Pointy expresses, â€Å"We know not through our intellect but through our experience. â€Å"3 The phenomenology that Merle-Pointy writes about is what Hold achieves in his architecture. While most architects work outside-in, Hold takes an opposite stance and works inside-out because he affirms that, â€Å"space is the incredible media of architecture. â€Å"8 It is an extraordinary responsibility to be an architect because the buildings we make are for people to use. Hold understands this and attempts to make people perceive space differently, to make something visible that they normally wouldn't.A work of his that exemplifies this is the Chapel of SST. Igniting in Seattle, Washington. In this project, Hold starts with the concept, ‘Seven Bottles of Light in a Sto ne Box. ‘ Each of the openings for light allow the sunlight to reflect off colored walls in a way that causes a conversion to colored-light. You can imagine being in the space that funnels colors at you making light ever more noticeable. This making of architecture relates building, site, and situation with body, space, time, light, and movement. 4 Holly's buildings really execute the interaction between architecture and phenomenology.It doesn't come as a surprise that Holly's major preoccupation is the phenomena of light. We live in a world that we know through vision, which can only be possible with the help of light. The dynamic of light defines several of Holly's works including: Writing With Light House, Porosity House, Sun Slice House, Kinsman Museum of Contemporary Art, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art Addition, Chapel of SST. Igniting, Museum of the City, and NYU School of Philosophy. 2 However, these projects epitomize his thoughts on light, all of his works constitute and deal with light.Specifically in Writing with Light House, Hold inscribes light in such a way that celebrates light and, its counterpart, shadow. Strips of white light coat the interior in accord with the time of day and season. Shadows then become the strokes on the reface causing an ornament of pattern. This strategy shapes light that really gives it meaning and insight. It's not only the approach on light that makes his architecture original, but also his ability to take familiar ideas and transform them into something new. It wasn't until the ass's when Hold started consistently getting things built.Part of the struggle in his career was becoming famous. This can be challenging because of cruel criticisms or lack of attention towards your work. For Hold, it wasn't until after his Pace Collection Showroom in New York, that he received a world-known status. He was given a huge amount of critical attention in New York, Europe, and Asia for his new and fresh take on modernism. It to ok a couple decades but he now has work in Italy, Germany, France, Japan, Finland, Switzerland, Norway, The Netherlands, Denmark, and China.Holly's originality that is known throughout the world is, in part, due to his way of thinking and developing ideas. It is not necessarily theories of architecture that shaped this, but phenomenology and science that have shaped his beliefs and ideas. Ideas are very important to Hold and this is where he derives his inspiration. He is fearless when it comes to addressing the world at large for inspiration in his projects. Many shy away because of the criticisms one will face for fear of comparison to larger ideas, nevertheless Hold is audacious.Audacity is exactly what Hold advocates. He encourages students to question everything and this is one reason he, himself, has become such a success. 8 One part of being an architect is that you must be able to fluently articulate your personal thoughts and ideas, rather than simply following the ideas of someone else. It then becomes a push for what you think should happen. Holly's character is tested when working with clients because he must be uncompromising and demanding if he wants to pursue the realization of his concepts. His self-assurance comes from the knowledge of himself.He has never had any doubts on who he is and what he wants to accomplish, and this has lead to his triumph. Even though he must be adamant and resolute, he has sought criticism from respected colleagues and peers of his designs over the years. 2 Hold discusses their commentary and evaluation with them after overcoming his incredulity. This is a testament of his respect for other people's opinions and ideas. It also reveals his wisdom in seeking out honest and tough critiques. This may be the reason he is able to keep his knife so sharp.Without the help of others, he would become dull, thereby making his architecture banal. This essay ends with a glimpse of the way Steven Hold sees architecture for the 21 st Century. Hold was born in 1947. He lived in latter half of the 20th Century; he saw and helped change the way architecture is defined today. He truly sees how architecture has been grounded by the physical aspects of having limited resources in the past, to the increasing technological ways in which we can now build. The constructive ramification into modern life and new ways of seeing are vital traits he believes today's architects must have.Hold elaborates, â€Å"Any architect caught up with the current speed of globalization of today's architecture realizes that this is an unprecedented time in the history of architecture: requiring an unprecedented philosophical commitment. † He continues, â€Å"†¦ The challenge of extremely diverse lands, cultures, and climates and their urban conditions set unparalleled obligations for architecture today†¦ A theory reversing specific to universal – a black swan theory – suggests an aim for larger, more comple x building types.A twenty-first century position that strives to airframe the inherited dualism of the last century's suffixes might spark a new paradigm shift toward a new focus on architecture's potential to shape experience, interrelating body, brain and world. â€Å"3 A new generation will emerge after the passing of Steven Hold, one inspired by the books and buildings he bequeathed to humanity. For now, Hold will continue to be a leading architect in the world. It's a great field to be apart of with myriad possibilities, and it is my hope to one day be given the chance to make a richer environment and Join the field of architecture.